"Self-Reliance": Passages for Textual Analysis

Pages 182 to 185: Emerson's numbered list, beginning  "1. In what prayers do men allow themselves ... and ending with "bullet point" #4 on page 185. (At least I think it end on page 185, it's a legitimate question as to exactly where this section ends!).

Pages 186 ("Society is a wave") until the end of the essay.

Missing Epigraphs to "Self-Reliance"

For whatever reason, the editors of Great Conversations I omitted the Latin saying and the two pieces of poetry that preface Emerson's essay "Self-Reliance" in other editions.  I offer them below. Whoever can give us a translation of the Latin at our meeting on Monday gets a prize.

"Ne te quaesiveris extra."

"Man is his own star; and the soul that can
Render an honest and a perfect man,
Commands all light, all influence, all fate;
Nothing to him falls early or too late.
Our acts our angels are, or good or ill,
Our fatal shadows that walk by us still."
           Epilogue to Beaumont and Fletcher's Honest Man's Fortune

Cast the bantling on the rocks,
Suckle him with the she-wolf's teat;
Wintered with the hawk and fox,
Power and speed be hands and feet.

Where's Waldo?

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

According to the chronology of Ralph Waldo Emerson's life contained in the Library of America edition of his Essays and Lectures, Emerson decided in his junior year at Harvard that he wanted to be known as "Waldo," not "Ralph." Hence the title of the present "Author of the Month" post.

"Where's Waldo?" It's a good question, just as last month we might have asked "Where's Blaise?" How do we situate the "greats." We learn in school that Emerson was (a) a minister, (b) the first American intellectual of international caliber, (c) an American Romantic (Romanticist?), (d) a Transcendentalist.  In these two latter capacities he influenced Henry David Thoreau and the great son of Huntington, Walt Whitman, among many others.

We also know he published a number of essays that became famous, such as "Nature," "Compensation," and this month's selection, "Self-Reliance." Emerson is a disciple of Montaigne in that regard. I believe, however, that Emerson deserves to be received as a preacher delivering an inspiring sermon, as he was at one time at the Unitarian Second Church in Boston.

I would recommend that you seek out a sound recording of "Self-Reliance" and give it a listen. It just might afford a different take on Emerson's deep thoughts and beautiful language. If you find Waldo, tell us where.

"Pensées": Passages for Textual Analysis

Our discussion next Monday will focus on the following "Pensées" of Pascal:

136, 44, 978, 512, 199, 200, 678, 148, 110, 423, 418

These accord with the questions on pages 164 and 165 in the Reader.

I hope you find them diverting!

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)

Pascal with pages of his pensées below to his right by Augustin Pajou (1730-1809).

The biographical essay that accompanies this month's selection from Pascal's Pensées in Great Conversations I concludes, "Of lasting interest [is] ... his challenge to those who think that studied skepticism is a worthy substitute for a vigorous lifelong pursuit of truth."

Chief among "those" who thought this was Montaigne, two of whose essays we discussed last month. The philosophical school of skepticism, which dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Pyrrho, suspends judgement on all belief.  In Montaigne's case, skepticism was accompanied by a light-hearted attitude towards life. In the end, he couldn't bring himself to worry too much about "deep" questions.

Pascal was quite a different type of philosopher, although in the context of the history of French letters, Pascal's beliefs were formed in a Montaignian crucible. As Sarah Bakewell has written in her fine How to Live or a Life of Montaigne, "If La Boétie hovered over Montaigne's page as his invisible friend, Montaigne hovered over Pascal's writings as his ever-present enemy and co-author."

Pascal, an accomplished scientist and mathematician, employs rigorous logic to crush doubt. He was devoutly Catholic, and the Pensées were written as fragmentary drafts for a larger defense of his faith. Pascal's untimely death prevented him from writing that work, and the Pensées stands as one of the great unintended classics of all time.

Montaigne's "Of Friendship" and "Of Solitude": Passages for Textual Analysis

At our meeting on next Monday, we'll talk about the questions on pages 127 to 129 and the textual passages below.  I usually pick passages that either (a) leave me baffled on first reading, or (b) ring true and are artfully stated.

From "On Friendship"

pages 108 to 109, starting "And that other, licentious Greek love ..." and ending "Because it was he, because it was I."

pages 110 to 111, starting "When Laelius," and ending "more readily than to myself."

page 112, from "Eudaimidas of Corinth" to "holding their weddings on the same day"


From "Of Solitude"

pages 118 to 119, from "Now the aim of all solitude" to "he took himself along with him."

page 120, from "We should have wife, children, goods, and above all health," to "Virtue, says Antisthenes, is content with itself, without rules, without words, without deeds."

page 124, from "This occupation with books" to "I am one of those who think that their benefits cannot counterbalance this loss."

page 125, from "Seek no longer that the world should speak of you" until the end of the piece.

Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)

This month's selection, "Of Friendhip" and "Of Solitude" form a "boxed set."  The first is a eulogy to Montaigne's deceased friend, Etienne de la Boétie, the second a paean to the solitary, contemplative life. The translator of these essais, Donald Frame, has written of Montaigne, "His greatest attraction for most readers is that the book reveals a man and that the man becomes a friend and often another self."